Follow the main events from 1964 to 1985, during the 21 years that the military regime ruled in Brazil.
1964
● March 31: General Olímpio Mourão Filho triggers the coup when he marches with troops that command Juiz de Fora (MG) towards Rio de Janeiro
● April 2: Congress declares Presidency vacant, although João Goulart is still in the country; The Mayor, Ranieri Mazzilli, temporarily takes over
● April 9: The first Institutional Act is implemented, which institutionalizes the coup
● April 11: General Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco is elected president by an electoral college
● Year ends with 20 deaths and 203 reports of torture
1965
● October 27: AI-2 is implemented. Castello Branco dissolves political parties, and the presidential election becomes indirect
● At the end of the year, there were 84 reports of torture and three deaths
1966
● February 5: Institutional Act No. 3 results in indirect elections for governors
● March: Protests occur in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte; two bombs explode in Recife
● October 3: General Artur da Costa e Silva is elected president by the Congress
● 66 reports of torture and two deaths were recorded
1967
March 15: Costa e Silva takes office
● This year, the reports of torture reached 50
1968
● March 28: Military police kill student Edson Luís de Lima Souto, which provokes street protests in Rio.
● June 26: 100,000 people march gathers opponents and artists in Rio de Janeiro
● July 18: Theater in which the play Roda Viva is located in São Paulo is destroyed and the actors are beaten
● October 12: About a thousand students are arrested in Ibiúna (SP), where the UNE Congress takes place
● December 13: AI-5 is implemented. The press is censored, and many people are arrested
● The "lead years" begin
● Reports of torture reached 85
1969
● August: Costa e Silva falls ill
● August 13: A military junta formed by the commanders of the Army, Lira Tavares, Navy, Augusto Rademaker and Aeronautics, Márcio de Souza Melo, assumes the Presidency
● September 4: Leftist groups kidnap the American ambassador, Charles Elbrick, and release him three days later, in exchange for the release of political prisoners
● October 17: A new Constitution is launched, hardening the regime
● October 30: Reopened Congress elects general Emílio Garrastazu Médici as president
● November 4: Leader of ALN (National Liberation Action), Carlos Marighella, died in an ambush in São Paulo
● Reports of torture reached 1,027
1970
● Beginning of the "economic miracle," which will last until the middle of the decade and will record double-digit GDP growth rates
● June 21: Brazil wins football World Cup and regime takes advantage of the current pride atmosphere
● September: DOIs (Detachment of Information Operations) are created to control information and repress opponents of the military regime
● About 1,200 reports of torture and 30 deaths were recorded in the year
1971
● January 20: ex-deputy Rubem Paiva is arrested at home; his body was never found
● * September 17.: Carlos Lamarca, military deserter and one of the leaders of the armed struggle against the dictatorship, is killed by the Army of Bahia
● 778 as reports of torture, with 30 killed
● 1972
● January.: Army discovers PC do B guerrilla training base in Araguaia
● August: Amnesty International releases a 91-page report with 472 names of torturers and 1,081 tortured
● 1973
● June 18: Medici informs General Ernesto Geisel that he will be his successor in the Presidency
● July: Estado de S. Paulo newspaper starts publishing poems in censored spaces
● October: Regime launched its biggest new offensive in Araguaia
1974
● March 15: Ernesto Geisel takes office
● August 29.: Geisel announces a slow, gradual and secure political opening
● September: Arrests occur at Cebrap (Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning)
● October: Army kills Araguaia's last guerrilla, student Walkiria Afonso Costa, 27
1975
● October 25: Journalist Vladimir Herzog, communist sympathizer, comparison with DOI-Codi for giving testimony; hours later he is found dead
● October 27: Herzog is buried; on the 31st, an ecumenical service is held at the Catedral da Sé in his memory
● The year ends with 585 reports of torture
1976
● January 16: Operator Manoel Fiel Filho is arrested and taken to the Doi-CODI premises, where he is killed by the dictatorship the following day
● August 19: Bombs are detonated at ABI (Brazilian Press Association) and OAB (Brazilian Bar Association)
● September 22: Bishop dom Adriano Hipólito is kidnapped, and a bomb explodes in the home of journalist Roberto Marinho, president of Organizações Globo
● 156 reports of torture were recorded during the year
1977
● March 30: Students from São Paulo challenge the regime ban and take to the streets
● April 13: Geisel launches the April Package, which creates the figure of the "bionic senator"
● May .: About 80 thousand students go on strike across the country
● June 6 .: Military police invade the University of Brasilia
● September 22: PUC-SP is invaded, and 1,700 students are detained
● September 15: Journalist Lourenço Diaferia is arrested after writing a column in Folha that was considered offensive to the memory of Duque de Caxias
● October 12: Geisel exonerates the Minister of the Army, Sílvio Frota, representative of the hardline
● December: Geisel informs General João Baptista Figueiredo that he will be his successor
● At the end of the year, there were about 214 reports of torture recorded
1978
● At least 26 bombs explode throughout the year in several cities
● June: Censorship of the Tribuna da Imprensa comes to an end, and Jornal do Brasil publishes all prohibited texts since 1969
● October: Justice holds the Union responsible for the death of Vladimir Herzog
● December: In the last edition of the year, Jornal do Brasil makes the headline: "AI-5 regime ends at midnight today"
1979
● At least three bombs explode throughout the year
● A series of attacks on newsstands begins
● March 13: ABC metalworkers declare a general strike. Union, led by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, is placed under intervention
● August 28: Figueiredo sanctions the Amnesty Law. Exiles can return to the country
● November: Congress puts an end to bipartisanship. Tancredo Neves creates the Partido Popular and Leonel Brizola, the PDT. Arena becomes PDS and MDB, the PMDB
1980
● February 10: Workers' Party is founded
● April 1: ABC metalworkers go on strike; on April 17, government decrees intervention in the Union, and two days later, Lula is arrested
● 1981
● April 30: Bomb explodes by accident in the parking lot of Riocentro, in Rio de Janeiro, frustrating an attempt on the Labor Day event; incident, which killed one soldier and wounded another, shows the regime's hardline action
1982
● November 15: The first direct election for governor since the military regime was established, and about 48 million voters go to the polls; PMDB wins in São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Paraná; Brizola is elected in Rio
1983
● March 2: Deputy Dante de Oliveira (PMDB) presents draft constitutional amendment that calls for the reestablishment of the direct election for president
● March 15: Governors-elect are sworn in
● June 15: Approximately 5,000 people participate in a rally by the Diretas Já, in Goiânia
● November: PT holds rally in São Paulo. Folha starts campaign for Direct elections
● 1984
● January 25: Approximately 200 thousand people participate in a pro-Direct elections rally in Praça da Sé, in São Paulo
● February to April: Direct elections mobilization spreads across the country
● April 25: Dante de Oliveira's amendment is defeated in the Chamber; 22 votes left
1985
● January 15: Tancredo Neves is elected president by the electoral college
● March 14: On the eve of his inauguration, Tancredo is hospitalized in serious condition
● March 15: José Sarney assumes the Presidency of the Republic putting an end to the military regime
● April 21: On Tiradentes day, Tancredo dies at 75